@ARTICLE\{IMM2006-04715,
    author       = "S. Koziel and J. W. Bandler and K. Madsen",
    title        = "Space-Mapping-Based Interpolation for Engineering Optimization",
    year         = "2006",
    month        = "jun",
    keywords     = "optimization, microwave design, off-grid interpolation, space mapping",
    pages        = "2410-2421",
    journal      = "{IEEE} Transactions on  Microwave Theory and Techniques",
    volume       = "54",
    editor       = "",
    number       = "6",
    publisher    = "",
    url          = "http://www2.compute.dtu.dk/pubdb/pubs/4715-full.html",
    abstract     = "We consider a simple and efficient space-mapping (SM) based interpolation scheme to work in conjunction with {SM} optimization algorithms. The technique is useful if the fine model (the one that is supposed to be optimized) is available only on a structured grid. It allows us to estimate the response of the fine model at off\&\#8209;grid points and, as a result, increases the effective resolution of the design variable domain search and improves the quality of the fine model solution found by the {SM} optimization algorithm. The proposed method requires little computational effort; in particular no additional fine model evaluations are necessary. Several examples that verify accuracy and robustness of our approach are provided."
}