@ARTICLE\{IMM2003-04172,
    author       = "S. Lehmann and B. E. Lautrup and A. D. Jackson",
    title        = "Citation Networks in High Energy Physics",
    year         = "2003",
    keywords     = "Networks, Complex Systems",
    pages        = "026113",
    journal      = "Phys. Rev. E",
    volume       = "68",
    editor       = "",
    number       = "",
    publisher    = "",
    url          = "http://www2.compute.dtu.dk/pubdb/pubs/4172-full.html",
    abstract     = "The citation network constituted by the {SPIRES} data base is investigated empirically. The probability that a given paper in the {SPIRES} data base has \$k\$ citations is well described by simple power laws, \$P(k) \$\backslash\$propto k\^\{-\$\backslash\$alpha\}\$, with \$\$\backslash\$alpha \$\backslash\$approx 1.2\$ for \$k\$ less than 50 citations and \$\$\backslash\$alpha \$\backslash\$approx 2.3\$ for 50 or more citations. Two models are presented that both represent the data well, one which generates power laws and one which generates a stretched exponential. It is not possible to discriminate between these models on the present empirical basis. A consideration of citation distribution by subfield shows that the citation patterns of high energy physics form a remarkably homogeneous network. Further, we utilize the knowledge of the citation distributions to demonstrate the extreme improbability that the citation records of selected individuals and institutions have been obtained by a random draw on the resulting distribution."
}