@CONFERENCE\{IMM2005-03347,
    author       = "M. B. Stegmann and D. Pedersen",
    title        = "Bi-temporal {3D} active appearance models with applications to unsupervised ejection fraction estimation",
    year         = "2005",
    month        = "feb",
    pages        = "336-350",
    booktitle    = "International Symposium on Medical Imaging 2005, San Diego, {CA,} Proc. of {SPIE}",
    volume       = "5747",
    series       = "",
    editor       = "",
    publisher    = "SPIE",
    organization = "",
    address      = "",
    url          = "http://www2.compute.dtu.dk/pubdb/pubs/3347-full.html",
    abstract     = "Rapid and unsupervised quantitative analysis is of utmost importance to ensure clinical acceptance of many examinations using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We present a framework that aims at fulfilling these goals for the application of left ventricular ejection fraction estimation in four-dimensional {MRI}. The theoretical foundation of our work is the generative two-dimensional Active Appearance Models by Cootes et al., here extended to bi-temporal, three-dimensional models. Further issues treated include correction of respiratory induced slice displacements, systole detection, and a texture model pruning strategy. Cross-validation carried out on clinical-quality scans of twelve volunteers indicates that ejection fraction and cardiac blood pool volumes can be estimated automatically and rapidly with accuracy on par with typical inter-observer variability."
}