@ARTICLE\{IMM2002-0906,
    author       = "J. W. Bandler and A. S. Mohamed and M. H. Bakr and K. Madsen and J. S{\o}ndergaard",
    title        = "EM-Based Optimization Exploiting Partial Space Mapping and Exact Sensitivities",
    year         = "2002",
    month        = "dec",
    keywords     = "optimization, space mapping,",
    pages        = "2741-2750",
    journal      = "{IEEE} Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.",
    volume       = "50",
    editor       = "",
    number       = "12",
    publisher    = "",
    url          = "http://www2.compute.dtu.dk/pubdb/pubs/906-full.html",
    abstract     = "We present a family of robust techniques for exploiting sensitivities in {EM-}based circuit optimization through Space Mapping (SM) technology.  We utilize derivative information for parameter extractions and mapping updates.  We exploit a Partial Space Mapping (PSM) concept where a reduced set of parameters is sufficient for parameter extraction optimization.  It reflects the idea of tuning and execution time is reduced.  Upfront gradients of both {EM} (fine) model and coarse surrogates can initialize possible mapping approximations.  We introduce several effective approaches for updating the mapping during the optimization iterations.  Examples include the classical Rosenbrock function, modified to illustrate the approach, a two-section transmission-line 10:1 impedance transformer and a microstrip bandstop filter with open stubs."
}